Basics of Animal Bites and Wound Care

With an ADN degree in nursing, Jeanne Shipp has extensive experience as an emergency room registered nurse. Currently a Texas-based healthcare entrepreneur, Jeanne Shipp cofounded and oversees a group of freestanding emergency centers in locations ranging from Galveston to Baytown. Some of the common conditions treated at freestanding ERs are cuts and wounds arising from animal bites.

Whether the bite is from a pet, wild animal, or farm animal, the primary concern is infection. Bacteria passed from the animal’s mouth can spread in the human system through the open wound, resulting in pain and tissue damage. Cat bites are particularly dangerous, as their sharp, pointed teeth can cause infections that penetrate deep into the skin. Rabies, a rare infection that can potentially be fatal, can be spread by unvaccinated dogs, as well as skunks, bats, foxes, and raccoons.

It is best to clean any bite that has broken the skin with soap and water, followed by several minutes of rinsing with clean water. Antibiotic creams can help reduce infection risk, as does covering the wound with a sterile bandage. Any large or deep bite should be treated by a medical professional, though even smaller bites may benefit from professional care.

In cases where pain persists for more than 24 hours or there is continued redness, swelling, or wound drainage, it is wise to visit an emergency clinic. Signs of spreading infection to be aware of include tiredness, night sweats, fever, swollen glands, and red streaks extending from the wound area.